đSlippage and impermanent loss
Risks related to GoodGhosting strategies using AMMs like Curve and Mobius
Some GoodGhosting pools use an automated market maker (AMM) strategy to generate rewards. Examples of AMMs used in such strategies are Curve Finance and Mobius Money. These GoodGhosting strategies have extra risks due to slippage, price impact and impermanent loss. Below we provide a brief explanation of these concepts and risks.
Slippage and price impact
In the context of AMMs, price impact refers to the direct effect of an individual order (e.g. a deposit or withdrawal) on the market price of an underlying liquidity pool.
When a deposit or withdrawal is made to an AMM liquidity pool this may influence the price of the deposited asset in the pool. This can result in either a negative price impact (i.e. a partial loss of funds) or a positive price impact (i.e. a partial gain of funds). Price impact depends on the size of the order compared to the pool's liquidity. Especially in AMM pools with low liquidity, there is a higher chance for depositors to lose a part of their funds due to price impact.
Slippage refers to the discrepancy between the anticipated price of an order and the actual price at which the order is executed. Almost all AMMs are subject to slippage due to front-running, since there is a delay between the order submission and execution. This makes an order vulnerable to execution at a higher (or lower) price than anticipated. Often, a maximum slippage setting can be configured to limit potential losses. Although slippage can be positive as well. This happens when the market rate changes to a more favorable direction between order submission and execution.
Price impact and price slippage are thus very similar but not identical. Price slippage refers to the change in price caused by external broad market movements (unrelated to your order), while price impact refers to the change in price directly caused by your order itself.
How to control slippage in GoodGhosting
To avoid unexpected losses due to price slippage or price impact, we enable a "Slippage Tolerance" setting for all GoodGhosting pools that use an AMM strategy. You can configure the maximum slippage that you are willing to accept. This can be done prior to each deposit, as well as for early withdrawals. To access this feature, please click the cogwheel (âī¸) to input your preferred Slippage Tolerance value. The higher the value, the more loss due to slippage you are willing to tolerate. For example setting the value to 0.5%, means you agree to losing up to 0.5% of your deposit value due to slippage. If the real slippage is higher than this, your transaction will not confirm successfully (i.e. revert).
When changing this setting, please double-check whether your transaction was confirmed successfully. If not, please change the inputted value or try again later. Only successful transactions will be eligible to partake in GoodGhosting savings pools.
Impermanent loss
Besides the aspect mentioned above, there is also the risk for impermanent loss. Impermanent loss happens when you provide liquidity to an AMM pool, and the price of the underlying assets in the pool changes during the period between deposit and withdrawal. This is especially relevant for the High risk GoodGhosting pools (utilizing a non-stableswap AMM strategy). And to a lesser extent also for Medium risk pools (when utilizing a StableSwap AMM strategy).
Hence, the underlying value at the time of withdrawal from such a GoodGhosting savings pool might be smaller, than the combined value deposited into the GoodGhosting pool by a user. In other words: you can end up with fewer tokens than you initially deposited.
EXAMPLE A A GoodGhosting users wants to join a 'Medium risk' savings pool with a Curve 'Aave pool' strategy. When making a DAI stablecoin deposit into the pool, the deposit gets forwarded to Curve and split across three different coins in the underlying Curve StableSwap pool. This means the user now has exposure to price fluctuations of all three of the underlying assets: DAI, USDC and USDT. When the price of any of these stablecoins strongly diverges from the others (i.e. one loses peg), a loss of funds can take place when the funds are again withdrawn from the strategy. Hence, the user might get back a lower quantity of the same stablecoin than was deposited. Typically, this loss is largely offset by increased trading fees and/or additional rewards generated by the strategy. GoodGhosting users in Medium risk pools are only expected to be negatively effected by impermanent loss in a minority of cases. Nonetheless, a permanent loss of a stablecoin peg can result in significant losses. To learn more:
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